What is the primary assumption of Douglas McGregor's Theory X about employees?

The primary assumption of Douglas McGregor's Theory X is that employees do not like to work and are motivated solely by money. This theory presents a pessimistic view of human nature in the workplace, suggesting that workers will avoid work whenever possible and require constant supervision and control. According to Theory X, management must provide direction and a coercive environment to ensure that tasks are completed. This assumption is fundamentally about a lack of intrinsic motivation and suggests that financial incentives are the main driving force behind employee performance.

In contrast, other theories, such as Theory Y, emphasize a more positive perspective on employee capabilities and motivations, suggesting that people can be self-motivated, seek fulfillment in their work, and thrive in more collaborative environments. However, Theory X specifically asserts that without strict oversight and monetary reward, employees will lack motivation and productivity.