What is a primary focus of Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Total Quality Management (TQM) is fundamentally centered around the continuous improvement of processes and systems within an organization with the overarching goal of enhancing customer satisfaction. This approach emphasizes that quality is not only the output of the production process but should be embedded throughout every aspect of organizational operations.

By focusing on improving internal processes, TQM initiatives encourage organizations to adopt a culture where every employee is involved in suggesting improvements, and where quality control measures are integrated into every step of production and service delivery. The increased emphasis on customer satisfaction is a critical aspect of TQM, reflecting the idea that a deep understanding of customer needs and expectations can drive a business forward successfully. Ultimately, satisfied customers lead to repeat business and brand loyalty, which positively impacts the bottom line, but the primary focus remains on the processes that lead to that satisfaction.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the core principles of TQM. Coercion and threats are contrary to the collaborative culture TQM aims to foster. Cost-cutting for increased profits may lead to temporary financial gains but can compromise quality and customer satisfaction over the long term, which contradicts TQM's goals. Lastly, while employee performance is important, TQM stresses training and development to boost quality rather than solely